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·The Portland cement PC industry is a major contributor to global environmental impact with approximately anthropogenic 8% CO 2 emissions [1] Hence the replacement of PC material in a form of alkali activated concrete AAC also known as geopolymer has been a topic of interest for academia and industry in recent decades
·Sodium hydroxide is extremely soluble and has a high pH well once it converts to a carbonate sodium carbonate it is STILL extremely soluble with a high albeit slightly lower pH which just
·In this chapter experimental investigation is done to for understanding the effect of cement and extra water on SCGC properties Geopolymer concrete is prepared with Industrial by products Fly ash and GGBS as binders in 50 50 proportions which are activated with alkaline solution SCGC4 The SCGC2 mix with 8 M Sodium hydroxide with Extra
·Heated Sodium Hydroxide Solutions In laboratory tests engineers use heated sodium and calcium hydroxide solutions to speed up ASR reactions They immerse concrete samples in a heated sodium hydroxide solution to expedite the dissolution process and enhance reaction kinetics This method allows for faster and more accurate ASR testing
·According to Bernard Erlin the principal chemicals in concrete that could conceivably attack plastics are calcium hydroxide sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide Erlin cites a table from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics stating that rigid PVC has excellent resistance to strong alkalies
·This research aimed to present the improvement of the cementitious material in high volume fly ash using only one alkali activator Fly ash was used as a partial replacement for Portland cement type I varying from 0 to 60% by weight of the binder Concentrations of NaOH varying from to molar were used as alkali activator Paste properties and
· Updated 2024 What considerations are necessary when corrosive chemicals/substances will contact hot dip galvanized steel The AGA has published multiple resources see the publications Specifiers Guide or Performance of Hot Dip Galvanized Steel Products listing chemicals substances and environments hot dip galvanized steel can
·The internal environment in Portland cement pastes As noted the components of cement paste are slightly soluble and the nature of soluble species induces a high internal pH Strictly concrete does not have a pH the pH of the associated pore water is measured instead However it is normal practice to conflate the two
·The manufacturing of Portland cement OPC results in high emission of carbon dioxide CO 2 to atmosphere causing greenhouse effect [1] To solve this problem the use of geopolymer as an alternative binder for application in concrete industry is recommended [2] [3] [4] [5] Geopolymeric material is formed using source materials containing silica SiO 2 and
·Knowledge of sodium silicate solution also known as waterglass dates back to at least the period of the early Roman Empire Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus 23/24 79 CE [1] told the story of Phoenician mariners who accidentally melted sand and soda preparing a meal resulting in a substance described as a strange translucent liquid [that] flowed forth in
·The addition of potassium hydroxide KOH affects the properties of sodium silicate binder The study by Salamanova et al found that the use of alkaline solutions of sodium silicate as a binder can be expanded by developing an alternative sealant such as KOH [3] Another study by Kanagaraj et al investigated the development of geopolymer concrete
·There are various pretreatment methods like microbial degradation irradiation alkaline treatment liquid hot water and so on classified into four types biological physical chemical and physicochemical pretreatments Silveira et al 2015 The advantages and disadvantages of pretreatment methods had been summarized in reference Bhutto et al 2017
·The effect of sodium hydroxide solution to sodium silicate solution ratio on fly ash based GPC compressive strength at the age of 7 and 28 days is shown in Fig 18 From this figure it is obvious that sodium hydroxide solution to sodium silicate solution ratio has a significant effect on fly ash based GPC compressive strength where the
·In the above studies it was claimed that mixing Na 2 CO 3 into NaOH and Na 2 O∙rSiO 2 activators could ameliorate the setting behavior by modifying the pore solution chemistry and supplied CO 3 2− ions which are prone to react with the dissolved Ca 2 [18 20 25] However the quantitative effect of Na 2 CO 3 in activators on setting time and
Therefore an alkaline pretreatment optimised with sodium hydroxide NaOH is necessary to remove lignin In this study the optimisation was carried out using response surface methodology and the parameters were set at a temperature range of 70 100 °C the reaction time of 1 3 hours and NaOH concentration between 1 10% w/v
·To investigate the effect of alkali ingress on concrete expansion Chatterji et al measured the expansion of mortar prisms 4 × 4 × 16 cm 3 made with highly reactive sand during storage at 50 °C in 3 mol/L NaOH or in NaCl solutions with different concentrations 3 2 1 and mol/L During the first weeks the specimens stored in the
·Geopolymerization can transform a wide range of waste aluminosilicate materials into building and mining materials with excellent chemical and physical properties The present experimental study investigates the effect of sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratios on the feasibility of geopolymer synthesis at 80 °C using fly ash The sodium silicate/sodium
mixed concrete are sufficient to re t a r d the setting but dry sugar has no effect on hardened concre t e Su g a r solutions and sugar c o n t a i n i n g food products may cause deteri o r a tion See Table Air drying for at least 28 days following curing helps c o n c r ete resist attack from sugar so l u t i o n s Treatment with
·The objective of the present work is to study the effect of NaOH molarity and alkaline activator ratios on the compressive strength 3 7 and 28 days of GPC at a constant curing period and curing temperature and compare with controlled concrete prepared using ordinary Portland cement OPC The water content in the cement mixture does not
·Figure 1 shows the effect of concentration of sodium hydroxide solution in terms of molarity on flow of geopolymer mortar after 10 jolts for solution to fly ash ratios of and It is observed that the higher concentration of sodium hydroxide solution resulted in higher flow for alkaline solution to fly ash ratio of and
·The research investigates the effects of super plasticizer and molarity of sodium hydroxide alkaline solution on the workability microstructure and compressive strength of self compacting geopolymer concrete SCGC SCGC is an improved way of concreting execution that does not require compaction and is made by complete elimination of ordinary Portland cement
·Depending on the characteristics of the selected mine concrete aggregates can include clean or contaminated sand and gravel This study investigated the effect of contaminated aggregates prone to expansion reaction and simulated destructive environment on the compressive flexural and tensile strengths water absorption permeability chloride ion and
·Fly ash composition had almost no effect on geopolymer cement thickening time at 60 °C and 2000psi The thickening time is more likely to be influenced by extrinsic factors including temperature pressure and the presence of a retarder or accelerator fly ash samples from Manjung power plant located in Perak Sodium hydroxide NaOH and
