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Phosphogypsum PG is a by product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts
Annual world production of phosphogypsum is estimated to be 300 Mt Yang et al 2009 This by product is contaminated by various impurities both chemical and radioactive and is usually stockpiled within special areas The problem of contaminated phosphogypsum has already become an international ecological problem
·The annually worldwide production of phosphogypsum is possibly up to 100 million tons This paper focuses on the environmental analysis of chemical wastes as resource of technogenic genesis natural water and plant products contamination by interactions with phosphogypsum in different countries Brazil Greece Jordan Spain Kazakhstan
·note that the content of radioactive elements in phosphogypsum is related to the raw material used in industrial processes China also has significant production of phosphogypsum and the five largest provinces in terms of production are Hubei Yunnan Guizhou Sichuan and Anhui [5];
·1 Introduction Phosphogypsum PG a significant Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material TENORM IAEA 2003 is a by product of phosphoric acid production from rock phosphate a process that underpins inorganic P fertiliser production for food production is currently dependent on inorganic P fertilisers so there
·China is a significant producer of phosphogypsum production; the annual growth rate of phosphogypsum is about 70 million metric tons of which the comprehensive utilization rate is only 15 percent
·Phosphogypsum PG is a by product of phosphoric acid production and according to the Waste Management Strategy of the Republic of Croatia for 2007 2015 Official Gazette 85/07 126/10 31/11
·The total annual effective doses received by workers and members of the public were found to be lower than the annual limit of 1 mSv y−1 except for the scenario of a person living in a house
·China is the world s largest phosphate fertilizer producer and has become the world s largest phosphogypsum resource by product country with annual production in phosphogypsum of about 75 million
·DOI / Corpus ID 232409966; Efficient removal of phosphate impurities in waste phosphogypsum for the production of cement article{Cai2021EfficientRO title={Efficient removal of phosphate impurities in waste phosphogypsum for the production of cement } author={Qiang Cai and Jun Jiang and Bing Ma
At present the utilization rate of phosphogypsum in China is still relatively low 2010 2020 China s phosphogypsum annual production and utilization rate as shown in Figure 2 2010 2020 China s
·Phosphogypsum is usually a yellowish white light greyish white or dark grey fine powdery solid The main component of PG is CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O which accounts for more than 90% of its total composition In addition PG contains phosphorus fluorine organic matters and other impurities heavy metal elements and nuclides Rashad 2015 These substances
·The annual production of phosphogypsum in Tunisia is currently estimated to be 10 million tons Its storage in slag in close proximity to production plants generates pollution problems; however valorization may be a solution The present paper proposes a simple process for the valorization of this by product into a construction material
·The results in this study indicate that the addition of phosphogypsum with a share higher than 30% in the production of bricks in the sintering process at 1000 ℃ may result in the external gamma radiation dose to nearly mSv y 1 which may not be considered as negligible dose On the other hand according to the results of this study the
·The production discharge and distribution of phosphogypsum in China were introduced The utilization ways utilization quantity and utilization ratio of phosphogypsum in recent years were analyzed The applied research resource utilization and industrial development of phosphogypsum in the fields of cement building materials agriculture and chemical
·Phosphogypsum PG occupies a large amount of land due to its large annual production and low utilization rate and at the same time causes serious environmental problems due to toxic impurities PG is used for mine backfill and industrial solid waste is a curing agent for PG which can save the fi
·The concentrations of radioisotopes 238U 234U 235U 210Po 232Th 40K and 226Ra in naturally occurring radionuclide materials were determined through gamma and alpha spectrometry The average activities of 226Ra 232Th and 40K were matched with literature data from various countries The radium equivalent value derived is Bq kg−1
·The studied phosphogypsum slurry comes from the Attack Tanks of the phosphoric acid production process PAPP Fig 1 Chemical characterization and some physical tech niques performed on phosphogypsum PG from the dihy drate ltration level of the same PAPP process Raw Maerialst The phosphogypsum slurry samples occurred from the
·The continuous accumulation of solid industry waste such as phosphogypsum has emerged as a global environmental hazard and a significant obstacle to achieving a green and sustainable industry To convert this industry waste to reusable resources the development and implementation of simple and cost efficient purification techniques is crucial A
Phosphogypsum CaSO4·2H2O waste is produced in large amounts during phosphoric acid H3PO4 production Minor quantities are utilized in construction or agriculture while most of the material is stockpiled creating an environmental challenge to prevent pollution of natural waters In principle the gypsum waste could be used to capture several hundred Mt of carbon dioxide
·Five clusters were formed a red cluster phosphogypsum recycling in the construction industry; green cluster radiation pollution problem of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers; yellow cluster
·Phosphogypsum stand for the chemical origin gypsum generated in fertilizers production in which phosphate rock is attacked by sulfuric acid resulting in phosphoric acid H3PO4 and phosphate