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In these crystals the optic axis is coincident with the c crystallographic axis Figure and in many uniaxial minerals the optic axis is parallel or perpendicular to crystal faces In uniaxial crystals refractive index varies between two limiting values that we
·Moreover the compressive strength of gypsum mixture with 5 wt% of nano gypsum was found to be improved by a factor of MPa in comparison to commercial gypsum MPa
We find these minerals most commonly as secondary minerals in vugs and pockets in basalt Figure show tetragonal vesuvianite crystals with both prism and pyramid faces Both apophyllite and vesuvianite have symmetry 4 / m 2 / m 2 / m Figure shows another tetragonal mineral wulfenite forming thin square orange crystals
The crystal structure of γ CaSO 4 [a = 8 c = 4 Å; Z = 3; space group P6 2 22] has been refined from time of flight neutral powder diffraction data to agreement factors of weighted profile R and Rietveld R The observed neutron powder profile for hemihydrate CaSO 4 · 2 O is qualitatively consistent with a model in which the water molecules
The crystallographic form of quartz that is characteristic for its symmetry properties is the trigonal trapezohedron the name is traditionally used exclusively for the red "floater" variety of authigenic quartzes from continental gypsum bearing marls of the Triassic Keuper formation Rice 1969 Quartz family minerals California
Figure 31 Symmetry and shape of some unit cells corresponding with certain rotation axes reflection planes are not shown a four fold rotation axis crystallographic axes at 90° to each other and the unit cell has a square cross section; b single two fold rotation axis constrains two of the crystallographic axes to be at 90° to each other; c three two fold rotation axes at
·structural or crystallographic control during CaCO 3−CaSO 4 transformation For example the lattice matching between calcite and the overgrowing gypsum has been claimed to promote a strong adhesion between both phases thus making gypsum the main phase responsible for calcite surface passivation during AMD 10 As well there is strong
The Plagioclase series is a group of related feldspar minerals that essentially have the same formula but vary in their percentage of sodium and calcium Albite and Anorthite are the end members of the series with the intermediary minerals Oligoclase Andesine Labradorite and Bytownite The acclaimed Dana s System of Mineralogy lists the intermediary members as
General Lanarkite Information Chemical Formula Pb2 SO4 O Composition Gypsum Finger Nail Luminescence Fluorescent Long UV=yellow Luster Adamantine Resinous Online Mineral Museum 13 QUT Mineral Atlas 14 15 WWW MINCRYST Search for Lanarkite using Web
·Corals nucleate and grow aragonite crystals organizing them into intricate skeletal structures that ultimately build the world s coral reefs Crystallography and chemistry have profound influence on the material properties of these skeletal building blocks yet gaps remain in our knowledge about coral aragonite on the atomic scale Across a broad diversity of shallow
Gypsum Gypsum is a hydrated calcium sulfate with composition CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O It commonly occurs as a chalky powder or occasionally as small crystals In gypsum the structure is layered parallel to the b direction Tetrahedral SO 4 anions are linked by Ca cations as chains parallel to c which form as double sheets interlayered with sheets of water molecules
Apatite is named for the Greek word apate which means "deceit" since Apatite is similar in appearance to many other describes a group of similar isomorphous hexagonal phosphate minerals The primary Apatite group includes Fluorapatite Chlorapatite and extended Apatite supergroup describes additional minerals such as
·The anion exchange properties of AFm hydrocalumite group minerals defined from solubility experiments and crystallographic information February 2021 Cement and Concrete Research 140 106270
·A combined approach of scanning 3D X ray diffraction and phase contrast tomography has been used to study the hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate to form gypsum This approach was found to be a powerful tool that permitted for the first time coupling of detailed crystallographic and morphological information on the hemihydrate gypsum transition
The same effect occurs when a mineral crystal tries to grow in contact with other solids Halite natural NaCl crystals easily cleave along planes parallel to the cubic faces right This sample of gypsum CaSO4 is easily cleaved with a razor blade x y z which are known as the crystallographic axes In most cases these axes
· 2 If a mineral shows inclined or oblique extinction extinction does not occur parallel to the crystallographic reference directions but with a certain angle uptau to them Minerals of lower symmetry of the monoclinic and triclinic classes are characterized by an inclined extinction examples in Figs and
·Solubility experiments with binary series of OH Cl SO 4 and CO 3 AFm were re examined with a non ideal multicomponent solid solution model The electrical double layer on the mineral s outer surface which neutralizes about 5% of the anionic charge can be included The choice of the end members in the solid solution and the reaction formulation can help to
Staurolite is best known for its distinctive cross shaped penetration twins where two rectangular crystals intersect each other to form a perfect cross However its most common twinning habit is in bisecting crystals with a 60° angle that can appear in the shape of an "x" when the crystals are elongated Although Staurolite does form in single non twinned crystals the twinned habit is
·Clay minerals are abundant in the world inexpensive and have a wide range of structures and properties besides being environmentally friendly and having mechanical/heat stability [001] the c crystallographic axis then the atom planes in the repeating layers are the 00l planes parallel to the plane containing the two lateral axes a
·Within a data block each piece of information is stored in a CIF field A CIF field is made up of a data name which describes a piece of information about the structure and a data item the information related to the data name Data names are used to identify the information and begin with an underscore followed by the name
·X ray diffraction XRD analysis as one of the most powerful methods has been widely used to identify and quantify minerals in earth science How to improve the precision of mineral quantitative analysis is still a hot topic To date several quantitative methods have been proposed for different purposes and accompanied by diverse software In this study three
·The interaction between polarized light and calcite s birefringent properties helps geologists identify and characterize minerals and their crystallographic orientations in rocks In summary calcite s optical properties especially its birefringence make it an essential mineral in various fields including mineralogy geology optics and
·Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O It is renowned for its wide use in the manufacturing of plaster drywall and fertilizers Gypsum mineral
·The Crystallography Open Database COD which is a project that aims to gather all available inorganic metal organic and small organic molecule structural data in one database is described The database adopts an open access model The COD currently contains ∼80 000 entries in crystallographic information file format with nearly full coverage of the