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·Bentonite is a type of clay that is composed primarily of the mineral montmorillonite It is a highly absorbent clay that has many uses in various industries including cosmetics pharmaceuticals and construction CEC is a measure of the ability of a soil or other material such as bentonite to retain positively charged ions or cations
·The rheological behavior of the bentonite dispersion was studied at different ionic strength and solid content the solid phase in the system composes of charged and disk shaped nano particles Their faces carry permanently negative charges and edges carry variable charges depending on the pH of the system Tombaácz and Szekeres 2004
·Soluble phosphate is a common ingredient of fertilizer used in agriculture production all over the world This chemical mixed with soil is transported into the water and marine environment via rainfall causing a range of environmental problems such as toxic algae bloom Kaolin clay is a common material found in soil and is used as a model system to
·dispersion medium together they produce a disperse system Dispersed phase may be 1 Solid materials that are insoluble in the dispersing phase like suspension 2 Liquid that is neither soluble nor miscible with the liquid of dispersing phase like an emulsion 3 Small air bubbles throughout a solution like an aerosol dispersion also
·The shear stress τ versus shear rate γ ˙ curve for a 2% w/w the CaLB and NaLB bentonite dispersion is shown in Fig 1 When the shear stress is directly proportional to the share rate as seen in the figure the dispersion exhibits nearly Newtonian behavior The viscosity of a Newtonian dispersion is the shear stress/shear rate ratio
·Nanotechnology plays an important role in current environmental practices for remediation of contaminants in environment From last few years nano clay has found more attention because of its unique characteristics and properties Clay and clay minerals are very important naturally occurring mineral playing key role in environmental protection Clay
·the powder into the base liquid • The bentonite particles must be reduced to their finest constituent parts to expose the maximum surface area to the surrounding liquid and activate the gelling effect • A degree of shear is required to obtain functionality • Vigorous in tank movement must be maintained as the viscosity rises
·The thin negatively charged sheets are held together by the electrostatic forces between of the clay platelet The Hamaker constant depends on the nature of the material of the particles In the case where liquid is the dispersion Bentonite or Na montmorillonite clay is a key component in the drilling fluids that possess water as the
·The effective way is to introduce highly polar ILs so the modified bentonite will change from hydrophilic and oleophobic into lipophilic and hydrophobic For the dispersion stability pure BT in 500SN there was obvious precipitation after 48 h Fig S3 which is related to the adhesion characteristic and composition of bentonite material The
·Suspensions are heterogeneous systems containing two phases The external phase which is also referred to as the continuous phase or dispersion medium is generally a liquid liquid suspensions or semisolid gels and the internal or dispersed phase is made up of particulate matter which is practically insoluble in the external phase
Montmorillonite MMT is a widely used nanofiller in food packaging films and coatings It comprises two tetrahedral silica sheets which are merged with the edge of an octahedral sheet of Al OH aluminosilicate smectite clay mineral has a high surface to volume ratio and cation exchange properties Król Morkisz & Pielichowska 2019 These properties provide
·Clay is closely associated with the drilling of oil and gas by influencing the shale wellbore stability and the rheology of drilling fluids In this work four imidazolium based ionic liquids ILs were used to modify the typical clay sodium bentonite Na Bent and their effects on the Na Bent rheological and swelling properties were evaluated by shear rheological
·Clays consist of fine particles clay minerals which under certain conditions can be dispersed in water forming a fairly stable dispersion The stability of the clay mineral dispersions depends on the pH solid/liquid ratio and most of all on the type and concentration of dissolved ions The difference between the dispersibility of different clays is not yet
·Geosynthetic clay liners GCLs are commonly used for hydraulic barriers for landfill applications This geomaterial consist of a thin layer of bentonite 2 set between two geotextiles Bentonite is a highly reactive clay because of its high specific surface and known to be used for hydraulic containment applications as a soil amendment in landfill liner or cap
·Fig 1 Variation of clay minerals with liquid limit From Fig to be seen that as the kaolinite bentonite in sand which intern leads to increase in the value of liquid limit This is due to the fact
· Bentonite a characteristic type of fine grained clay is an alteration product of volcanic ash containing not less than 85 percent of the clay negatively charged and flocculation occurs when electrolytes or positively charged suspensions are added Because of this property bentonite is sometimes used in clarifying turbid liquids
Abstract Laponite ® LAP is an intensively studied synthetic clay due to the versatility given by its layered structure which makes it usable in various applications This review describes the multifaceted properties and applications of LAP in aqueous dispersions and gel systems The first sections of the review discuss the LAP structure and the interactions between clay discs in an
·1 INTRODUCTION Bentonite corresponds to high reactive clay with high specific surface These properties are suitable for hydraulic containment use or as a soil amend
·Offshore oil and gas field development is shifting from shallow water to deepwater on a large scale Deepwater shallow bentonite slurry drilling fluid has a single composition and a simple structure Therefore the bentonite slurry drilling fluid has been neglected for the shallow wellbore strengthening ability Based on the shallow geological
·SEM/EDS To better understand the difference between the effect of positively charged neutral and negatively charged compounds on magnesium silicate dissociation SEM/EDS analysis was conducted
·Kaolin and Bentonite the have potential to be used in landfill liners Leachate in the landfill changes the properties of dispersion and sedimentation of the liners There is a little research being conducted to investigate on how to reduce the influence of the salt on properties of clay Soil salinity causes salt accumulation detrimentally impacting soil structure
·When compared the supercapacitor properties were enhanced with a decrease in IR drop in supercapacitors containing bentonite lyotropic liquid crystal producing a specific capacitance of F/g at a current density of mA/cm3 As it follows the charged supercapacitors gravitate towards the steady low energy discharged state
·Chapter 1 Colloidal Dispersion MCQs with Answer 1 An example for colloidal systems is a clays and gels b ointments and pastes c solutions of soaps and proteins