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To deal with the problem of high cost and low accuracy existed in traditional methods of lead zinc sinter mix proportions a methodology based on integrated prediction models of agglomerate composition and expert reasoning strategies is proposed in this paper First based on the expert experience mechanism model and neural network model an intelligent integrated model is
·They are connected with each other closely and are major elements for both the quantity and quality of sinter Based on a lead zinc smelting factory the intelligent optimal control system of obturation blast sintering process focused on synthetical permeability was proposed and the modeling and optimal control problem of an MIMO complex
·The research showed that the pre reduced sinter with high metallization degree and low content of Zn and Pb was obtained at the high productivity and tumble index [14] However the mechanism of migration and distributions of zinc lead and arsenic within sinter bed during pre reductive sintering was not studied in the research
·Technology such as QSL Kivcet and TSL Ausmelt/ISAsmelt replacing sinter machine/blast furnace operations in the West in the 1990s was intended to improve environmental performance compared to more traditional sinter machine/blast furnace operations and also to widen the range of feed that could be treated especially secondary
·The weight of the materials in the hopper is continuously measured by a couple of load cells and the machine driving speed is controlled to keep this weight constant Oxide Use in Sintering The original function of the sintering process of the is both to eliminate sulfur and to make hard sinter from zinc and lead sulfide concentrates
·tially de sulfurized lead sinter containing lead sulfide and lead oxide in a lead ratio of approximately 1 1 The sinter is smelted in a fuel fired rotary furnace where sulfur removal occurs by roast reaction pro ducing a % S bullion and a 15 30% Pb slag The slag is cleaned to 1 2% Pb in a subsequent step
·With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies cost effective and value added treatment of massive lead zinc waste rock LZWR generated from the preconcentration process has attracted substantial attention A type of dolomitic LZWR with 18 wt % MgO 27 wt % CaO wt % Zn and wt % S was used as a replacement flux in
·The production of primary lead is a process of extracting lead from lead sulfide concentrate by smelting Smelting process mainly includes sinter plant blast furnace route and direct smelting reduction process as shown in Figs 2 and 3 including oxidation reduction and refining Sohn and Olivas Martinez 2014 In sinter plant blast furnace route PbS is oxidized
·LEAD ZINC AND OTHER BYPRODUCT METALS Context Just as metals are rarely found in pure form the same is true of minerals The sinter machine is charged with ore concentrate limestone and silica Approximately 45 percent of the produced sinter is recovered and added to
·A method is described for processing iron and zinc bearing sludge and dust The method uses the Waelz process to solve the problem of utilizing zinc bearing wastes and increase the amount of finely dispersed metallurgical wastes that is recycled The article describes the results of laboratory and factory tests performed at Ural Steel to determine the properties
The sinter is mostly lead oxide but it can also contain oxides of zinc iron and silicon some lime and sulfur As the sinter passes off the moving grate it is broken into lumps The lumps are then loaded into the blast furnace
·In contrast the International Lead and Zinc Study Group ILZSG reports a figure of only Mt for secondary Pb production in 2018 A difference of this scale requires explanation especially as the ILZSG is considered by most in the industry to be the source of reliable official data compared to more traditional sinter machine/blast
Chanderiya Lead Zinc Smelter CLZS is one of the largest zinc lead smelting complexes in the world Chanderiya utilizes a combination of best proven technology Passing through the sinter machine eliminates sulphur and resulting gas is directed to the sulphuric acid plant After size reduction the desulphurized output enters the Imperial
·Lead is produced from ores and it occurs in the form of various minerals; galena PbS is the most common ore of lead and zinc Other minerals are anglesite PbSO 4 and cerussite PbCO 3 Galena is associated with ZnS FeS Cu 2 S SiO 2 other impurities Bi As Sb sulphides and precious metals mainly Ag Ores are generally of a complex variety
·This paper describes a series of investigations conducted on the sinter machine at Sulphide Corporation to develop such a method After a number of initial unsuccessful attempts which are described the approach adopted was to infer from bulk gas temperatures where these could be reliably measured the temperature profile of the gas
·The chemical analysis microscopic observation and identification EPMA with EDS were used to investigate the chemical composition phase composition of iron lead and zinc and the occurrence and
·Sinter Machine The updraft sinter machine has an area of 120 sq m and 109 pallets each measuring 3 m x 1 m in size the small sized clinkers coming from sinter are melted and lead silver zinc copper etc are obtained in their impure form These impure metals are then sent to refinery plant in order to obtain the highest purity form
In 2001 globally only 42% of refined lead was generated from mine production This is much more evident in industrialized countries where only 35% of refined lead is from primary sources More than 75% of the installed capacity is still producing lead using Dwight Lloyd sinter machine and blast furnace operations which was introduced at the
·The lead with absorbed zinc will be pumped The lead and zinc concentrates along with from the condenser to the launders where lead lime stone return sinter fines and other zinc is cooled to separate out lead and zinc recycle materials will be agglomerated in an The cooling will be by boiler tube banks updraft sinter machine
·A typical flow sheet for primary lead production by sinter plant blast furnace route Sohn and Olivas Martinez 2014 Download Download high res image 111KB The lead zinc copper and cadmium content in the water samples from the protective pool near the landfill slag were mg/l mg/l mg/l and mg/l respectively
·China is the largest lead and zinc producer in the world and the largest consumer of lead and zinc metals Moradi and Monhemius 2011; Mehdilo et al 2012; Sehlotho et al 2018 Recently the consumption rates of lead and zinc metals have increased significantly mainly due to the rising demand from the construction industry Kashani and Rashchi 2008;
·Optimization of sintering parameters A first study on the process parameters used for the electrochemical and photonic sintering steps was performed on resistors printed on polyimide substrates
Sulphide Corporation Pty Limited has roasted a number of different zinc sulphide concentrates on its sinter machine which pro duces zinc lead sinter for an Imperial Smelting Furnace and results have varied widely The differences are considered to be functions of concentrate particle size and reactivity Amdel have used differential thermal analysis to examine these concentrates
·VZS lead sulphate residue contains high levels of zinc and cadmium and a low level of lead making it unsuitable for direct feeding to a sinter machine for the recovery of lead Moreover high levels of sulphates SO 4 /S and low levels of sulphide/sulphur S/S make this material unsuitable for sintering
