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·Nevertheless its surface layer is mostly pottery red or pottery yellow due to its high iron oxide content as a result of spontaneous combustion Spontaneous combustion coal gangue has lower carbon content higher porosity and greater water absorption than the original coal gangue Bulk density is between 900 kg/m 3 and 1300 kg/m 3
·Coal gangue was a byproduct which was generated during the mining and washing of coal It accounted for approximately 10% 15% of the total coal production [5] Coal gangue was one of the largest industrial residues and its accumulation was related to coal mining activities [6 7] Traditional methods of handling coal gangue usually involved backfilling and
·with steel slag and coal gangue mixed in various mass ratios covering a range from 100% steel slag to 100% coal gangue at 10% intervals have been studied in order to determine the influence of the varying heating temperature and the steel slag coal gangue mass ratios on the microstructure bulk density apparent porosity
·Bulk density and apparent density of the proppants rise and thereafter down with increasing the sintering temperature The proppants sintered at 1400 °C have the best performance with g/cm 3 of bulk density g/cm 3 of apparent density and % of breakage ratio under 52 MPa closed pressure The prepared ceramic proppants meet China
·Lightweight ceramic proppants are prepared using coal gangue fly ash and bauxite as raw materials and a mixture of manganese dioxide and magnesium oxide is used as composite additives It also presents the desired sphericity roundness and microstructure The apparent density bulk density and breakage ratio of the ceramic proppant
Crystalline phase evolution microstructure bulk density apparent density and breakage ratio of the proppants sintered at different temperatures were investigated to evaluate the feasibility of preparation technology In addition the mullite based ceramic proppants synthesized by coal gangue coal gangue 50 wt% and bauxite 50 wt% were
·1 Introduction Coal gangue as China s largest industrial waste has accumulated more than 700 million tons of emissions annual emissions of more than 70 million tons [1] Coal gangue accumulation has brought serious challenges to the environment [2 3] Large amounts of coal gangue discharge and storage destroy and occupy large amounts of land resources [4]
·Mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer concrete based on fly ash and coal gangue under different dosage and particle size of nano silica Author links open overlay panel Zhong Xu a Hongyuan Long a Qingfeng Liu a the apparent density of 2600 kg/m 3 bulk density of 1550 kg/m 3 fineness modulus of the water content of %
·Hao et al prepared a low density ceramic proppant with calcined int clay wt% Al 2 O 3 and solid waste coal gangue by solid state sintering method; the low density ceramic proppant
·Cong designed self ignition coal gangue autoclaved aerated concrete formed as coal gangue lime cement gypsum = 54 23 20 3 with ‰ aluminium contents and the Ca/Si ratio of elements is by this composition reached compressive strength over 4 MPa by the bulk density over 600 kg/m 3
·Despite coal gangue having mineral elements similar to those in soil its potential function as a mulch for soil water conservation has been unclear According to the dry bulk density with
·Low density ceramic proppants were prepared from calcined flint clay and solid waste coal gangue by pelleting drying screening and sintering namely solid state sintering method
·Coal gasification fine slag CGFS which is the by product of entrained flow coal gasification has superior properties such as a large surface area a broad pore size distribution and a high content of carbon This material has the potential to amend poor soils This study was carried out to investigate the use of CGFS as a soil amendment for alkaline sandy lands
·The reuse of coal gangue for energy recovery is developing rapidly in China due to its advantage in achieving both economic and environmental benefits Low quality coal is often added to elevate the calorific value of the fuel In this paper the combustion characteristics as well as pollutant emissions SO2 and NO of coal gangue low quality coal and their blends
·During the extraction and processing of coal a large amount of solid waste collectively known as gangue is produced This gangue has a low carbon content but a high ash content accounting for approximately 15 to 20% of the total coal yield Before coal is used coal and gangue must be effectively separated to reduce the gangue content in the raw coal and
·Coal gangue is a by product generated from coal mining and washing Using coal gangue as aggregate is an effective approach of valorization this high volume industrial waste not only solving the environmental issue of accumulation but also reducing the mining of natural aggregate and its apparent density and bulk density are 2590 and 1310
·than the original coal gangue Bulk density is between 900 kg/m 3 and 1300 kg/m 3 [25] Although coal gangue activity can be improved after combustion the pozzolanic effect
·The coal gangue sample was separated to reduce coal content based on the density by calculating volume and weight of the ores The bulk raw gangue sample was crushed into small pieces of 1 3 mm and then calcined in electric furnace under designated thermal activation history various calcined temperature and same two hour holding time
·The apparent density bulk density water absorption and crushing value of normal coarse aggregate NCA coal gangue CG and coal gangue ceramsite CGC were tested The results were shown in Table 2 It could be seen that the apparent density and bulk density of normal coarse aggregate was the highest followed by CG and CGC was the lowest
·The global coal industry produces about 350 million tons of inactive coal gangue every year billion tons of coal gangue waste has been accumulated in landfills for decades in Europe [1 2] At present China s coal gangue has exceeded 7 billion tons with an annual growth rate of 300 million to 350 million tons
·Abstract Low density ceramic proppants were prepared from calcined flint clay and solid waste coal gangue by pelleting drying screening and sintering namely solid state sintering method The density and breakage ratio of the proppants were systematically investigated as a function of sintering temperature
·Coal gangue is a waste product produced during the mining and washing process of coal [11] The rapid accumulation of coal gangue posed a serious burden on the surrounding ecological environment such as land air and water bodies and the routine maintenance of tailings ponds involved considerable costs [12 13] Phosphorus tailings and