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The averaged damage of the constituent particles or damage ratio was defined as the ratio of number of broken bonds and total initial bonds which was used to represent the degree of impact breakage in DEM simulations Figure 10 shows the deformation evolution of the fracture zone in the agglomerate Particle damage smaller than is
·Here the size of an agglomerate is defined as the number of original particles within this agglomerate body represented by different colours At a lower cohesion strength Those large agglomerates can be effectively broken up by the high spouted gas velocity in a spouted bed
·There have been a few DEM studies of impact breakage for nonspherical particles For example a DEM study of agglomerate impact breakage was carried out considering three shapes spherical cuboidal and cylindral Liu et al 2010 It was found that internal damage of particle is closely tied to the particle deceleration adjacent to the impact site
·Iso surface of relative vorticity magnitude 3 0 rel top and particle scatter plot colored by initial agglomerate identity bottom for a case where the particle agglomerates merge Case
·The bonding mechanism between particles within an agglomerate is visualized as follows when two auto adhesive particles collide as in the case of adhesion of fine powders during storage bonding takes place due to inter molecular forces and the proportion of initial inter particle bonds broken damage ratio The damage ratio is the
·particle geometry its influence on the particle velocity and particle heating as well as the heat transfer within the particle volume can be calculated Transcending the one dimensional particle assumption is important because the idealistic case of particles with spherical and homogeneous morphologies is relevant only for gas atomized powders
·The nanocomposites exhibit substantial properties by only small content of nanofiller [1 2 3 4 5] The important properties of polymer nanocomposites cause a wide range of applications in various technologies such as advanced materials and goods medicines energy devices and sensors [] The studies on different types of polymer nanocomposites aim to
·n the particles stick S Fig 2a due to viscous losses At large St n the particles bounce B Fig 1c due to elastic deformation These are the only two outcomes predicted and observed previously for normal collisions of two wet particles However at intermediate St n for oblique collisions the particles initially stick due to viscous
·Bonds broke when stress applied exceeded the critical stress of the bond In bonded particle model a broken bond would not be formed again All particle particle interactions without Agglomerate size is defined as the number of particles in an agglomerate The clusterization code was developed in house and was executed in Matlab
·Kafui and Thornton [2] expressed the extent of damage as the fraction of initial primary particle contacts that were broken as a result of impact The number of interparticle bonds in agglomerate may be expected to reflect the bulk impact strength of the agglomerate and therefore the damage ratio would quantify the deterioration in the bulk
·Agglomerate particle system at the end of the simulation V= m s −1 large fragments in three shades of grey lighter for larger fragments grey and broken bonds black and b particle configuration showing debris particles black and large fragments grey Download Download full size image; Fig 9
·The method proposed in this study has two main stages The first is simulation of the biaxial test on an assembly of angular rockfill material using a predefined number of DEM cycles Fig 2 a In the second stage each particle is modeled separately using XFEM under contact loads from adjacent particles to determine the crack propagation path Fig 2 b and c
·A regular cubic lattice five particles in each direction was used as a base case test agglomerate An image of the agglomerate is shown in Fig 1 300 bonds are created one at each of the contact points between the 125 particles in the 5 × 5 × 5 agglomerate provides enough particles to resolve details about the impact events with reasonable
When the forces acting on each primary particle in the agglomerate are not the same the agglomerate experiences the forces in the circumferential as well as in the radial direction solid lines agree well with the calculated results based on the equation of motion broken lines The lower figure indicates the variation of the specific
·Upon analyzing the outcomes after the destruction of the agglomerate samples the following results were obtained During compressive deformation the content fine particles with sizes smaller than mm was % with an average of % The fraction of particles smaller than − mm was % with an average of %
·The main concept of the pocket model is that the region between adjacent AP particles forms a "pocket" where all the Al particles agglomerate on the burning surface to form an agglomerate
·In each run an agglomerate was introduced in an acrylic fluidization column with an internal diameter of m and with a fluidized bed that was about m procedure used to obtain the breakage time of agglomeration inside the fluidized bed can be found in Ref [10] Table 2 describes the bed particle properties The bed was fluidized at the specified
·The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model that can quantify the dispersion of pigments with a focus on the mechanical breakage of pigment agglomerates The underlying physical mechanism was assumed to be surface erosion of spherical pigment agglomerates The full agglomerate particle size distribution was simulated Data from two
·Drastic Change of Agglomerate Morphology by Humidity Impact of humidity on silica nanoparticle agglomerate morphology and size distribution Kelesidis Furrer K Wegner and Pratsinis Particle Technology Laboratory ETH Zürich CH 8092 Zürich Switzerland gkelesidis References Conclusions
·A model of force balance is developed according to the analysis of forces acting on an agglomerate of cohesive particles in a fluidized bed The parameters in the model are estimated separated b agglomerated c disrupted or broken In fluidized beds of cohesive particles the forces acting on agglomerate 1 are kinetic or drag force
·Agglomerate Breakage Particle in this paper includes two kinds agglomerate with at least two spheres and independent sphere independent of its original agglomerate As for splitting breakage for example one original agglomerate with 14 spheres is broken into two particles one with 8 spheres and one with 6 spheres which is
·According to the number distribution q 0 the overwhelming part of the agglomerates is broken up into primary particles Only about % of larger agglomerates are found whereat these are predominantly two and three particles agglomerates and the largest remaining agglomerate comprises solely 6 primary particles one exception with 25 primary
·1 Introduction Fluid particle flows featuring spatio temporal multi scale structures are typically complex systems in which particle aggregation is a common phenomenon [1] [2] When the cohesive force between the particles is small enough to be ignored particle aggregations exist in the form of clusters [3] However cohesive particles gather to form