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·Non metals are typically less reactive because they are less likely to lose electrons; however many non metals readily gain electrons forming negative ions anions Their reactivity can be noted in phenomena like the flammability of hydrogen or the reactivity of halogens like chlorine
Non metals can react with each other to form compounds in which electrons are shared These compounds have some of the same characteristics as the elementals forms usually they melt or boil at relatively low temperature and don t conduct heat or electricity When non metals react with metals they usually gain electrons to form anions
·These properties differ from metals to non metals but are usually quite similar in groups due to elements being grouped based on their similar physical and chemical properties For example all group 1 metals are soft metals and
·But appearances can be deceptive it s brittle at room temperature a property of non metals and unlike metals it s an intrinsic semiconductor about which more below This mix of properties means that it is considered a metalloid which is an imprecise term meaning neither a metal or a non metal
The metals list which makes up the periodic table includes iron lead gold aluminum platinum uranium zinc lithium sodium tin silver The nonmetals list which makes up the periodic table includes hydrogen helium carbon sulfur nitrogen oxygen radon neon other halogens and noble gases When we study the elements it is important to know which elements are
·Yellow coloured powder X which is soluble in CS 2 is sulphur Sulphur burns in oxygen to give sulphur dioxide gas SO 2 which is suffocating smelling S O 2 → SO 2 SO 2 gas turns moist blue litmus red This confirms that the gas is acidic in nature
·Classify the following elements into metals non metals and metalloids C Mg Si S Hg As Give an example of a metal which can be easily cut with a knife State why concentrated sulphuric acid is not used for drying ammonia gas For the electro refining of copper Write the reaction that takes place at the anode Name one non metal which
Examples of non metals include carbon oxygen nitrogen and hydrogen; all of which are the basic building blocks of organic compounds Compared to metals nonmetals display a highly variable range of properties in terms of their atomic and chemical behavior This is because nonmetals differ widely in interatomic and intermolecular bonding
The 18 elements that are non metals have a much broader range of physical properties than do the metals eleven are gases one of which helium has a boiling point just four degrees above absolute zero six are solids including carbon which has the highest melting point for any element over 6 000°C and one bromine is a liquid Some are
·Metals other than iron such as copper aluminum zinc lead and nickel alloys are known as non ferrous metals Copper is widely used in electrical wiring plumbing systems roofing and even as decorative accents on buildings It is also an important component in coins and medals Aluminum has many applications including structural components
That s also clarified in the periodic table of the elements Oxygen carbon chlorine and sulfur are non metals These are just some of the non metal examples we ve given you just to better understand what we re talking about here Let s start with carbon Carbon is also a non metal element that can exist in various forms Two of the
A non metal A which is the largest constituent of air when heated with H2 in 1 3 ratio in the presence of a catalyst Fe gives a gas B On heating with O2 it gives an oxide C If this oxide is passed into water in the presence of air it gives an acid D which acts as a strong oxidising agent a Identify A B C and D b To which group of periodic table does this non metal belong
·Physical Properties of Non Metals Non metals are gases at room temperature like helium hydrogen and oxygen Few nonmetals are solid like Sulphur phosphorous and carbon Carbon is non metal that can exist in different allotropy Diamond is the allotrope of carbon it is the hardest natural substance and has a very high melting and boiling points
Physical Properties of Metals Metals are lustrous malleable ductile good conductors of heat and electricity Other properties include State Metals are solids at room temperature with the exception of mercury which is liquid at room temperature Gallium is liquid on hot days ; Luster Metals have the quality of reflecting light from their surface and can be polished gold
·Other components of an alloy may be metals or non metals present in a much smaller amount For example a pure gold 24 K is a comparatively soft element and is easily bent When we mix it with other elements it becomes hard a A gold 18 Karat contains 75% by mass gold with the rest silver and/or copper
Thus they are electronegative elements with high ionization energies In general non metals are brittle dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity They tend to have lower melting points than metals Most of non metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature gases and solids except bromine which exists as a
·Environmental Impact of Non Ferrous Metals While non ferrous metals have many advantages they also have drawbacks mainly adverse environmental effects The non ferrous metal mining process can affect the environment in the following ways Destruction of habitat Mining can lead to destruction of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity It can
A non metal A which is the largest constituent of air when heated with H 2 in 1 3 ratio in the presence of catalyst Fe gives a gas B On heating with O 2 it gives an oxide C If this oxide is passed into water in the presence of air it gives an acid D which acts as a strong oxidising agent
·Alkali metals and halogen are both very different from hydrogen though Hydrogen is a non metal that forms a diatomic molecule in a gaseous phase based on its physical and chemical properties
·There are some exceptions though For example mercury is a liquid at room temperature The metals in Group 1 such as lithium sodium and potassium are all soft Many non metals have low melting
Lustrous non metals Non metals generally have a dull appearance However diamond and iodine are exceptions These two non metals are lustrous Explanation for the incorrect options Option A Diamond Diamond is a lustrous non metal However iodine is also a lustrous non metal Since both options A and B are correct This option is incorrect
·Conductivity Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity and thus they find applications in day to day life like cooking utensils which are made of iron or aluminium as they are good conductors of heat Malleability Metals are malleable in is the property of metals that allows them to be beaten into flat sheets Ductility The capacity of a
It does not depict any physical or chemical properties of metals such as electrical conductivity malleability ductility acid or salt response and so on It is categorized as non metal because it is an allotrope of carbon that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity non malleable and non ductile non reactive and does not produce oxides
Hydrogen Hydrogen has a 1s 1 electron configuration and is placed above the alkali metal group Hydrogen is a non metal which occurs as a gas H 2 under normal Its ionization energy is considerably higher due to lack of shielding and thus higher Z {eff} than the rest of the Group 1 metals and is more like the nonmetals; Hydrogen generally reacts with other
4 ·Some metals and non metals have different properties to these For example mercury is a metal in the liquid state at room temperature; carbon is a non metal in the solid state at room temperature; graphite a form of carbon is a good conductor of electricity; diamond a form of carbon is a good conductor of thermal energy
