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·production of alumina by the Bayer process; it generally ex ists as a highly alkaline slurry pH 10 that is appropri ately regarded as a hazardous material [1] Depending on the source of bauxite and the digestion efficiency of alumina t of red mud are produced during the production of each ton of alumina [2−3]
·efficiency of alumina t of red mud was produced during the production of each ton of alumina [2] Currently it is estimated that 300 million tons of red mud have been accumulated in China and the accumulation is accruing at an annual rate of 50 million tons [3] More than 90% bauxite in China is diasporic with the typical
·the alkali and alumina and meanwhile transform the red mud into a non hazardous material available for subse quent use Keywords Red mud Non hazardous treatment Calcification carbonization method Recovery of alkali and alumina Introduction Red mud is a alkaline solid waste produced from bauxite as raw material to produce alumina or aluminium
·Red mud is a alkaline solid waste produced from bauxite as raw material to produce alumina or aluminium hydroxide At present the global red mud reserves have been estimated more than 3 billion tonnes with about billion tonnes of annual growth rate [] The average utilization rate of red mud in the world is 15%
·In the second stage alumina production red mud results from the Bayer process as a reject It is as red sludge containing iron titanium and silicon oxides in the majority and aluminium oxide unsuccessfully extracted together with sodium hydroxide It is an extremely alkaline residue as sodium hydroxide is added during the Bayer process [51
·In the literature enormous attempts have made to find suitable approaches to realize the innocuous utilization of red mud Because red mud contains a high amount of metallic oxides and alkalis there are numerous research studies seeking to further recover alumina soda ferric and titanium oxide [8] [9] So far a main application of red mud is to reuse it for producing
·The alumina production of China reached 58 979 kt in 2015 which accounts for % total output of the world [] Depending on the source of bauxite and the digestion efficiency of alumina t of red mud was produced during the production of each ton of alumina [] Currently it is estimated that 300 million tons of red mud have been accumulated in China
·Recovering Metals from Red Mud Generated during Alumina Production Luigi Piga Fausto Pochetti and Luisa Stoppa There is growing interest in processing and utilizing the red mud by product of the Bayer process for alumina extraction from bauxite This interest stems largely from the environmental impacts associated with red
·For instance red mud produced in the United States specifically in Arkansas contains a higher iron content and a lower aluminum content than red mud produced in Guangxi China Wang et al 2022 Table 1 demonstrates the chemical composition of red mud in different countries and factories Khairul et al 2019 In general however red mud
·Red mud an industrial solid waste from alumina production Guo et al 2018; Brunori et al 2005 contains elevated levels of alkaline materials and metal salts Zinoveev et al 2021; Nikbin et al 2018 that are extremely harmful to the environment and human health He et al 2022 During alumina production 1 2 tons of red mud are by generated per ton of Al 2 O 3
·The red mud problem has confounded alumina production and alumina plant development for many years Based on the search results of red mud in the comprehensive database of scientific publications Web of Science this article provides the latest information on the application of red mud from 2010 to 2019
·Red mud and phosphogypsum are the solid waste byproducts of the alumina and phosphoric acid production processes respectively Their global annual production has reached 12 billion tons and 150 200 million tons respectively [1 2 3 4 5 6] Globally the total amount of red mud produced every year is between 60 and 120 million tons about 30 million
·The use of wastes from alumina production red mud in the production and smelting of sinter or pellets obtained from charge materials that contain zinc minimizes the release of zinc bearing
·Red mud is the waste of bauxite refinement into alumina the feedstock for aluminium production about 180 million tonnes produced per year 1 red mud has amassed to one of the largest
·Red mud which could cause numerous problems to the environment is a hazardous waste generated from the alumina smelting industry In general the storage and harmless utilization of red mud are hard to implement due to its fine particle size and high alkalinity This study put forward a novel process to separate iron MgFe2O4 and alumina
is there any harm to the red mud produced by alumina production Red Mud an overview ScienceDirect Topics Red mud is a product of the Bayer process during the production of alumina Hairi et al 2015 As the temperature and pressure increases
Red Mud or Bauxite Residue main by product of alumina production poses a serious disposal problem due to high alkalinity and large land requirement For every ton of alumina produced tons of Red Mud is generated depending on the nature of bauxite processed and the processing parameters
·Red mud produced in the Bayer process is a hazardous solid waste because of its high alkalinity; however it is rich in valuable components such as titanium iron and aluminum In this study a novel calcification carbonation method was developed to recover alkali and alumina from Bayer red mud under mild reaction conditions Batch experiments were
·The Bayer process technology is widely used for the industrial production of alumina however it is significantly impacted by two important defects firstly when using low grade ore for production of alumina the economics become very challenging and secondly the discharge of large volumes of alkaline red mud bauxite residue to the environment is highly
·Red mud also known as bauxite residue is an insoluble byproduct generated from the extraction of alumina from bauxite during the Bayer process Fig 1 a crucial step in the manufacturing of aluminum "The Technological Enhancement of Normally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Red Mud due to the Production of Alumina " Int J
·Bauxite residue or red mud is a solid waste generated from alumina production by the Bayer process Producing 1 ton of alumina generates tons of red mud depending on the type of bauxite 2 A great amount of red mud continues to accumulate all over the world due to the increased production of alumina The worldwide accumulation of red mud
