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·The chemical reactions involved in sulphuric acid attack on cement based materials can be given as follows Ca OH 2 H 2 SO 4 ==> CaSO 2 O 2 O H 2 SO 4 ==> CaSO 2 O Si OH 4 Effect of Nitric Acid on Concrete Nitric acid usually occurs in chemical plants producing explosives artificial manure and other similar
·The reaction between the cement particles on the concrete surface produces AFt gypsum 10% 20% 30% 40% and 50% and SF 5% on the durability of concrete against sulfuric acid attack and the control of drying shrinkage 2 Materials and Methods Materials In this research the concrete specimens were made using OPC CEM I as per EN
·The study examines the impact of WGP on the resistance of mortar to sulfuric acid solution attack with specimens containing 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% and 30% WGP produced as cement substitutes Some fundamental properties of mortar mixtures were evaluated such as the pozzolanic activity index assessment fresh density water absorption
·Of the precipitates calcium sulfate crystallizing mainly in the form of gypsum calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O is one of the most common representatives which is present or may form in a large variety of natural and industrial processes such as acidic wastewater treatment phosphonic acid production wet flue gas
·A simplified damage model is introduced to characterize the degradation of concrete due to the swelling of gypsum Some experiments reported in literature are simulated with sulfuric acid to
·Gypsum CaSO4 2H2O is produced by increasingly more industrial processes for instance when calcium carbonate or lime is used to neutralize sulfuric acid containing effluents or when apatite Ca3 PO4 2 CaF2 CaCO3 the raw material used in phosphoric acid manufacture is attacked by sulfuric acid
·These expansive sulfate salts lead to internal cracks in the concrete and eventually to structural failure [7] Previous studies have confirmed [8] that gypsum and ettringite are the main products of biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion However the differences lied in the generated order and the amount of the two corrosion products and their effects on the cement
·It is feasible to prepare sulphoaluminate cement from red mud produced by FGD gypsum and alumina; the cement clinker showed excellent mechanical strength Wang et al 2013 FGD gypsum can also be used to make sulfuric acid and co produce cement; FGD gypsum can supply all the CaO and SO 3 required in the cement The optimal reduction
·For this the sulfuric acid gypsum process was used to process the Algerian phosphogypsum and it was shown that a significant amount of sulfur can be recovered from the process Experiments carried out in this research have enabled us to recover the sulfur in the form of SO 2 using appropriate additives such as silica alumina clay and
·The sulfuric acid attack is a common form of degradation of reinforced concrete in contact with industrial wastewater mine water acid rain or in sewage treatment stations
·Phosphogypsum PG is a by product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid H3PO4 production from natural phosphate rocks Approximately 4 6 tons of PG is produced per ton of phosphoric acid production where worldwide PG generation exceeds 300 million tons annually The vast majority of produced PG is discarded irresponsibly leading to
·The formulation of ultra high performance concrete necessitates the use of a high cement content The alkaline nature of cement makes it susceptible to acid attacks In addition its high C3A content causes its vulnerability to sulfate attack under the development of expansive ettringite where porosity plays an important role The main objective of this study
DOI / ASCE Corpus ID 139909616; Modification of Magnesium Oxysulfate Cement by Incorporating Weak Acids article{Qin2018ModificationOM title={Modification of Magnesium Oxysulfate Cement by Incorporating Weak Acids} author={Ling Qin and Xiaojian Gao and Wengui Li and Huan Ye} journal={Journal of Materials in Civil
·Sulfuric acid corrosion is a non negligible problem affecting the durability of concrete materials To explore the mechanism of sulfuric acid corrosion on the fracture performance and microstructure of concrete three point bending test was utilized to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of the crack mouth opening displacement and the fracture
·Millions of tons of hazardous spent sulfuric acid and lime mud from water treatment facilities are produced per year A green approach for the synthetic gypsum and anhydrite derived from such
·1 INTRODUCTION Phosphogypsum PG is the solid waste of DAP fertilizer plants a byproduct of H 3 PO 4 acid production A total of − tons of PG per ton of H 3 PO 4 is discharged in the H 3 PO 4 production process 1 5 The gypsum content varies according to the apatite source and H 3 PO 4 production technology The global cumulative PG has exceeded
·When concrete is attacked by sulfuric acid there are two important aspects On the one hand there is the reaction with the sulfate ion; on the other hand the action of the hydrogen ion has to be considered It can be stated that sulfate attack comprises only one aspect of sulfuric acid attack Monteny et al 2000 The sulfuric acid first
PDF On Jan 16 2016 Hongqi Huang published New common integration process for cement grinding of producing sulfuric acid and cement from phosphogypsum Find read and cite all the research you
·Phosphogypsum PG is typical chemical gypsum which is the by product obtained from the reaction between the phosphate rock and sulphuric acid during the production of phosphoric acid compound fertilizers and synthetic detergent [] Normally the PG contains % of F − a small quantity of heavy metal ions and radioactive elements K 40
2 ·Current established technology for making sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 and cement clinker by product from phosphogypsum such as the OSW process developed by Chemie Linz Austria is not economic when compared with sulfur has only been applied in a few locations Austria China and South Africa where special circumstances prevail
·The objectives of the work were 1 production of gypsum from lime mud derived from water treatment process and spent sulfuric acid formed in the production of synthetic fibers; 2 one stage production of anhydrite from wastes of lime mud and spent sulfuric acid which does not involve the formation of gypsum phase; 3 environmental and economic assessment of the
·The obtained results show that the treatment of PG by sulfuric acid 20 and 50% at 60 C for 2 h is sufficient to make it suitable for used in the plaster and the cement respectively View Show abstract
·Degradation mechanism of concrete due to sulfuric acid attack can be described by the OH 4 H 2 O The first product resulting from above reactions is gypsum Gypsum produced inside concrete induces volume expansion which causes cracks The mortar mixes used in this study were made with a constant water/binder ratio of and a